International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice
type: channel
publisher: Inkwell Infinite Publication
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice
issn: 2348-1838
items: High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Older Adults With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of Comparative Randomized Trials
items: Rehabilitation Outcomes in a Patient with Brachial Plexus Injury and Multiple Comorbidities: A 7-Month Case Study
items: The Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Women as Spouses and Partners: A Scoping Review
items: Impact of Tai Chi Chuan on Adult Biomechanical Outcomes: A Comparative Evaluation of Postural and Gait Outcomes
items: Effectiveness of Manual Therapy in the Management of Sacroiliac Joint Pain and Disability: A Narrative Review
items: Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Selected Health-Related Physical Fitness Indicators in Young Bahraini Men: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study
items: The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Pediatric Skeletal Muscle Strength: A Systematic Review
items: Quality of Life Amongst Saudi Physiotherapists: A Review of Burnout, Job Satisfaction and Work-Related Well-Being
items: Barriers to Cardiac Rehabilitation in Saudi Arabia: A Scoping Review
items: Rehabilitation Professionals’ Perception of Differences in Development and Clinical Manifestations Between Right and Left Hemiplegia in Children
items: Knowledge of Physiotherapists in Saudi Arabia About Lee Silverman Voice Treatment BIG Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
items: Role of Physical Therapy in Postural Management to Prevent Hip Dislocation in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
items: Efficacy of Harness-Supported Treadmill Training Without Body-Weight Unloading on Balance and Mobility After Stroke
items: Functional Outcomes After Bilateral Versus Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Saudi Arabia
items: Misdiagnosis of Greater Trochanteric Fracture in a Young Adult: A Case Report
items: The Impact of 3D-Printed Technology on Functional Performance in an Individual with C2 Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Report
items: Information Needs and Preferences on Cancer-Related Symptoms Among Children with Cancer and Their Parents: A Systematic Review
items: Effect of Supervised Physical Therapy Interventions on Functional Mobility and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors During Post-Treatment Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review
items: Platelet-Rich Plasma for Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Critical Review of Therapeutic Evidence and Clinical Utility
items: A Review of Falls Among Older Adults in Saudi Arabia: Risk Factors, Outcomes, and Prevention Strategies
items: Association between chronic neck pain, disability, and Physical Activity among Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study
items: Optimizing Osteoarthritis Care: A Review of Multimodal Physical Therapy on Long Term Patient’s Outcome
items: Evaluating the Feasibility and Acceptability of Nintendo Switch-Based Exergaming for Enhancing Physical Activity in Children with Down Syndrome: A Pilot Study
items: Association Between Patient Lifting Systems and Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
items: The Relationship Between Perceived Stress Levels and Low Back Pain in Physical Therapy Students at Jazan University
items: Association Between Hip Strength and Dynamic Balance in Stroke Survivors with Coexisting Knee Osteoarthritis
items: Effectiveness of a Smartphone Application to Improve Home Exercise Adherence in Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis in Saudi Arabia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
items: Comparing Outcomes of Surgical and Nonsurgical Management for Achilles Tendon Ruptures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
items: https://inkwellinfinite.com/index.php/ijprp/article/view/111
items: Awareness and Knowledge of Role of Physiotherapy in The Management of Knee Osteoarthritis Among Al-Baha Populations

High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Older Adults With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of Comparative Randomized Trials
type: item
description: Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been proposed as a superior alternative to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for improving exercise capacity in patients with heart failure (HF). Early small randomized trials suggested substantial gains in peak oxygen uptake (peak VO₂) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with HIIT, but larger multicenter trials have reported neutral findings. Uncertainty persists regarding phenotype-specific effects and clinical relevance in older adults with heart failure. Objective: To systematically evaluate the comparative effects of HIIT versus MICT on exercise capacity and LVEF in older adults with heart failure, and to assess the certainty of evidence across heart failure phenotypes. Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials comparing HIIT and MICT in adults aged ≥60 years with heart failure was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Databases were searched from inception to the final search date without language restriction. Primary outcomes were change in peak VO₂ (mL/kg/min) and LVEF (%). Secondary outcomes included six-minute walk distance (6MWT) and serious adverse events. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed where appropriate. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool, and certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE. Results: Sixteen comparative randomized studies met inclusion criteria. In heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), pooled meta-analyses demonstrated a modest improvement in peak VO₂ favoring HIIT (mean difference approximately +1.7 to +2.1 mL/kg/min). However, the largest multicenter trial (n=261) showed no significant between-group difference. Pooled improvements in LVEF were small (~3%) and inconsistent across studies. In heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), randomized evidence did not demonstrate superiority of HIIT over MICT, and adjusted analyses suggested exercise volume rather than i…
subject: Invited Review
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Heart failure; high-intensity interval training; moderate-intensity continuous training; peak oxygen uptake; left ventricular ejection fraction; cardiac rehabilitation; HFrEF; HFpEF; systematic review.
creator: Mohammad Abu Shaphe
creator: Shadab Uddin
creator: Rashid Ali Beg
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 150
ending page: 178
doi: 10.62464/p770w219

Rehabilitation Outcomes in a Patient with Brachial Plexus Injury and Multiple Comorbidities: A 7-Month Case Study
type: item
description: Background: Brachial plexus injury secondary to prolonged prone positioning during COVID-19 hospitalization has emerged as a recognized complication, particularly in patients with metabolic comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus. Case Presentation: This case report describes the rehabilitation of a 31-year-old left-handed male with diabetes who developed brachial plexus injury following prolonged prone positioning during COVID-19 hospitalization. The patient underwent intensive physiotherapy over seven months, totaling 38 sessions. Clinical assessment included muscle strength testing, range of motion (ROM) measurement, balance evaluation, psychological distress assessment, the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire, and the Brachial Assessment Tool (BrAT). At baseline, passive ROM was preserved; however, reduced muscle strength was noted in the shoulder flexors, extensors, abductors, and adductors, as well as in the elbow flexors and extensors. Intervention and Outcomes: A structured and progressive physiotherapy program was implemented. Over the rehabilitation period, improvements were observed in shoulder and elbow muscle strength, functional mobility, pain levels, QuickDASH scores, BrAT scores, and psychological status. Conclusion: This case highlights the multifactorial nature of neurological and functional recovery following brachial plexus injury associated with prolonged prone positioning. Mechanical factors, metabolic comorbidities, lifestyle influences, and psychological status may collectively affect rehabilitation outcomes. Intensive, structured physiotherapy may facilitate meaningful neurological and functional recovery even in complex clinical presentations.
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Physiotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: exercise
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Brachial plexus injury
  topic: keywords
subject: Rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Diabetes mellitus
  topic: keywords
creator: Ismail Abdullah Khadrawi
creator: Rana Almatraf
creator: Farah Marhomi
creator: Abdullah Alahmadi
creator: Qasi AL-Majnuni
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 132
ending page: 140
doi: 10.62464/ncj0r616

The Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Women as Spouses and Partners: A Scoping Review
type: item
description: <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; font-weight: bold;">Background: <span lang="IT" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: IT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in enduring mental and behavioral, and emotional problems that impact both people who experience the injury and their family members. The existing review about TBI effects on women who stay in partner relationships with their spouses remains scarce because women typically become the primary caregivers for their injured husbands. <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Aptos; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Aptos; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; font-weight: bold;">Objective: <span lang="IT" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Aptos; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso…
subject: Narrative Review
  topic: section
subject: Traumatic brain injury, Women caregivers, Caregiving burden,
  topic: keywords
creator: Manar Alruwaili
creator: Josh Cameron
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 141
ending page: 149
doi: 10.62464/ppx3vj14

Impact of Tai Chi Chuan on Adult Biomechanical Outcomes: A Comparative Evaluation of Postural and Gait Outcomes
type: item
description: Background: Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) has gained increasing attention as a low-impact, multicomponent exercise with potential benefits for biomechanical health in adults. However, evidence regarding its comparative effectiveness against no intervention and other active exercise programs remains dispersed across heterogeneous studies. Objective: To evaluate the effects of Tai Chi Chuan on key biomechanical outcomes in adults, including balance, gait, muscle strength, proprioception, and neuromuscular control, compared with no intervention or active exercise comparators. Methods: A systematic synthesis of controlled studies was undertaken, focusing on adult populations exposed to Tai Chi Chuan interventions of at least four weeks’ duration. Outcomes included balance and postural control, gait parameters, muscle strength and proprioception, and joint kinematics or kinetics. Findings were synthesized narratively due to methodological heterogeneity. Results: Across included studies, Tai Chi Chuan was consistently associated with improvements in balance and postural control, with enhanced performance on validated measures such as the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go, and single-leg stance. For example, clinically meaningful gains in single-leg stance time were reported (mean differences 3.44–17.07, p<0.05), and increases of approximately 5 seconds were observed in some cohorts (p=0.049). Gait-related outcomes also improved, including faster walking speed, increased stride length, and reduced dual-task cost, with reductions of 17–22% reported in dual-task walking (p<0.001). Muscle strength and proprioception outcomes showed consistent gains, reflected in improved chair-stand performance, arm curls, and grip strength (all p<0.05). Limited evidence from biomechanical studies further indicated reduced lower-extremity muscle co-contraction during gait among Tai Chi practitioners (mean difference −10.1, 95% CI −18.1 to −2.4, p<0.05). Conclusions:Tai Chi Chuan reliably improves key…
subject: Invited Review
  topic: section
subject: Tai Chi Chuan; biomechanics; balance; gait; muscle strength; postural control; proprioception; older adults; systematic review; rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
creator: Saad A. Alhammad
creator: Ali Z. Aldali
creator: Sattam Halil Alotaibi
creator: Abdullah Ali Alkhamis
creator: Haya Saad Alsharhan
creator: Mariam Saeed Aldajani
creator: Yara Alhudaithi
creator: Abdulfattah S. Alqahtani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 100
ending page: 116
doi: 10.62464/wm77rn81

Effectiveness of Manual Therapy in the Management of Sacroiliac Joint Pain and Disability: A Narrative Review
type: item
description: Background: Sacroiliac joint pain and disability is a significant and expensive condition that drives up healthcare expenses. Ten to twenty-five percent of people who suffer low back pain (LBP) have SIJ listed as a contributing factor. Objective: The purpose of this review is to investigate the use of manual therapy for the management of SIJ syndrome, identify any gaps in the literature on the topic, and offer suggestions for future research in the area. Methods: This study was conducted as a narrative review. A search for relevant studies in English has been conducted across several databases, including PubMed NCBI, Trip Medical Database as well as PEDro – Physiotherapy Evidence Database, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 1992 to July 2024. The search included the use of manual therapy in SIJ dysfunction and pain management. Results: Nine RCTs were included. Manual therapy was shown to be the preferable course of treatment for pain and function disability when compared to alternative forms of therapy Conclusion: All of the studies in this review demonstrated the effectiveness of manual therapy in treating SIJ patients' pain and improving their functioning.
subject: Narrative Review
  topic: section
subject: manual therapy, Sacroiliac joint pain, sacroiliac joint
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdullah Dhafer Alshehri
creator: Amr Ahmad Fallatah
creator: Majed Abdulrahman Alghamdi
creator: Khalid Atiah Alzahrani
creator: Rayan Hamad Baeti
creator: Saeed Saad Alyazidi
creator: Eyad Saeed Alharbi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 126
ending page: 131
doi: 10.62464/ah27hy14

Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Selected Health-Related Physical Fitness Indicators in Young Bahraini Men: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Background: Cigarette smoking is a major global health issue, but its effects on health-related physical fitness among young adults in the Middle East—particularly in Bahrain—are not well studied. Most existing research focuses on older or Western populations. This study fills that gap by investigating the association between smoking status and BMI, pulmonary function (FVC), and functional capacity (6MWT) among male university students in Bahrain, a population for which localized evidence is currently lacking. Methods: Forty-one men aged 18–26 years were classified as smokers (n=20) or non-smokers (n=21). Standardized protocols were used for anthropometry, spirometry, and 6MWT. Exercise habits were assessed via a questionnaire. Between-group differences were estimated using unpaired t-test, with effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals reported. Results: The results showed that there were no significant differences between smokers and non-smokers in all measured parameters. The P values were 0.545, 0.885, and 0.278 for BMI, FVC, and 6MWT respectively. For the physical activity and exercising status, among the smoker's group, 50% never exercised, 15% had occasional exercise, and 35% had regular planned exercising. Among the non-smokers group, 19% never exercised, 24% had occasional exercise, and 57% had regular planned exercise. Conclusion: This study offers the first evidence from Bahrain on smoking and physical fitness in young men, indicating that lifestyle behaviors may differ despite unaffected short-term physiological measures and underscoring the need for early preventive strategies and longitudinal research to assess long-term effects.
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Cigarette smoking, Physical fitness, Young adults, Bahrain; Pulmonary function, Exercise behavior.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohamed Merza Khalil AlRayes
creator: Dalia Mohamed Kamel
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 117
ending page: 125
doi: 10.62464/vwefnp74

The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Pediatric Skeletal Muscle Strength: A Systematic Review
type: item
description: Background. Vitamin D plays a key role in calcium absorption and contributes to several physiological functions. While serum vitamin D levels are positively associated with skeletal muscle strength, the effect of supplementation on pediatric skeletal muscle strength remains unclear. Purpose. To systematically review the literature on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength in the pediatric population. Method. This systematic review included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated vitamin D supplementation and assessed muscle strength in healthy children or adolescents before and after the intervention. Non-experimental studies and trials involving additional supplementation were excluded. Results. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022314030). Five RCTs studies met the inclusion criteria, with excellent methodological quality on the PEDro scale. A total of 747 participants (mean age 12.6 years; two-thirds female) were included. VitD insufficiency was common at baseline but improved in most participants after supplementation. Only handgrip strength was measured in all studies, except one that assessed knee muscle strength. Overall, VitD supplementation did not significantly improve muscle strength, except in one trial involving premenarchal girls with VitD deficiency, where handgrip strength improved. Conclusion. Vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial in improving muscle strength among premenarchal girls with vitamin D deficiency, possibly through suppression of parathyroid hormone (PTH).
subject: Systematic Review
  topic: section
subject: Vitamin D, Supplementation, Pediatric, Children, Muscle, Strength.
  topic: keywords
creator: Naif Ibrahim Bin Talha
creator: Saeed Mushabab Alqahtani
creator: Abdulfattah Saeed Alqahtani
creator: Tarig Ahmed Abdulrahman Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 526
ending page: 543
doi: 10.62464/w9x72z57

Quality of Life Amongst Saudi Physiotherapists: A Review of Burnout, Job Satisfaction and Work-Related Well-Being
type: item
description: Background. Physiotherapists are integral to the development of Saudi Arabia's healthcare system; however, their quality of life (QoL) and work-related well-being have not been comprehensively examined. Identifying determinants such as job satisfaction, burnout, workload, cultural adaptation, and professional recognition is critical to maintaining a resilient, motivated workforce. Method. This narrative literature review synthesised evidence regarding QoL among physiotherapists in Saudi Arabia. Systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (2010–2025) identified English-language empirical studies conducted in Saudi Arabia or involving cross-national comparisons. Study selection adhered to a PRISMA-style process with independent validation. Data were systematically extracted on study design, sample characteristics, QoL measures, and key outcomes, and findings were synthesised thematically within national and global contexts. Results. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Saudi physiotherapists reported moderate to high occupational stress, primarily due to heavy workloads, ambiguous career progression, and inconsistent organisational support. Expatriate physiotherapists, who represent a significant portion of the workforce, encountered additional challenges related to cultural adjustment, communication, and inconsistent orientation practices. International comparisons revealed similar QoL concerns globally, although healthcare reforms under Vision 2030 present unique contextual influences in Saudi Arabia. Significant gaps persist in national data regarding burnout prevalence, mental well-being, and work-life balance. Conclusion. The QoL of physiotherapists in Saudi Arabia is influenced by the interplay of workload, organisational, and cultural factors. Strengthening professional support, career development opportunities, and workforce policies may enhance well-being and retention. Further large-scale, methodologically robust studies…
subject: Systematic Review
  topic: section
subject: Quality of Life, Physiotherapists, Saudi Arabia, Job Satisfaction, Burnout, Vision 2030
  topic: keywords
creator: Shar Abdullah Alamri
creator: Abdulelah Aysh Alsulami
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 511
ending page: 525
doi: 10.62464/mfsn2032

Barriers to Cardiac Rehabilitation in Saudi Arabia: A Scoping Review
type: item
description: <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; font-weight: bold;">Background: <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is considered a cornerstone of secondary prevention for cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, it remains underutilized and underdeveloped in Saudi Arabia. Objective: This scoping review aimed to analyze the existing evidence on barriers affecting the implementation and participation in CR programs across Saudi Arabia. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Eight national studies were included, examining perspectives from physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, and patients. Data were thematically analyzed and categorized into four domains—service delivery and policy, workforce and training, awareness and culture, and patient-related factors—classified under two levels: system and personal. Results: Findings from eight included studies revealed system-level barriers, including a shortage of CR centers, insufficient workforce training, fragmented policies, and limited funding. Personal-lev…
subject: Systematic Review
  topic: section
subject: Cardiac Rehabilitation; CR; Barriers; Saudi Arabia; Cardiovascular Disease; Scoping Review.
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdullah Tobaigy
creator: Abdulfattah Alqahtani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 471
ending page: 484
doi: 10.62464/n1vz1426

Rehabilitation Professionals’ Perception of Differences in Development and Clinical Manifestations Between Right and Left Hemiplegia in Children
type: item
description: Background. Hemiplegic cerebral palsy presents with lateralized impairments that may influence developmental outcomes. While literature suggests lesion laterality affects domains such as language and spatial awareness, clinical consensus remains unclear. Purpose. To determine whether rehabilitation professionals observe differences in development or functional outcomes between right and left hemiplegia in children. Method. A cross-sectional survey of licensed pediatric rehabilitation professionals was conducted. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and logistic regression. Qualitative responses were thematically analyzed. Results. 63.3% of total (n=49) pediatrics rehabilitation professionals report perceiving difference between hemiplegia types. Right hemiplegia was significantly associated with speech and language difficulties with a 61.3% of all participants. Motor deficits were the most commonly observed domain with 74.2% of participants. Cultural factors, such as religious emphasis on right-hand use, were noted to influence rehabilitation outcomes. Conclusion. The findings of this study, supported by previous literature, reinforce the hypothesis that developmental and functional differences are perceived between left and right hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Rehabilitation specialists should adopt a holistic approach that considers both lesion severity and cultural norms influencing perceptions of development and function. Integrating neurobiological and sociocultural factors is essential for individualized rehabilitation strategies.
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Hemiplegia
  topic: keywords
subject: cerebral palsy
  topic: keywords
subject: Lesion laterality
  topic: keywords
subject: Pediatric rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Saudi Arabia
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdulaziz Saeed Alghamdi
creator: Mohammed Elias Tamboosi
creator: Fatmah Ahmed Rasheed
creator: Abdullah Saeed Alghamdi
creator: Lama Abdullah Balghusoun
creator: Meshari Ruzayq Alluhaybi
creator: Abdulrahman Ayman Alsubahi
creator: Yazeed Bakheet Alsaedi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 498
ending page: 510
doi: 10.62464/xzzshw84

Knowledge of Physiotherapists in Saudi Arabia About Lee Silverman Voice Treatment BIG Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Background. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a widespread and challenging to diagnose the neurological condition. Tremor, rigidity, and slowness of movement are all symptoms of Parkinson's disease, which is caused by gradual neuronal loss in the substantia nigra and other brain areas. Physical therapy has the ability to enhance walking, balance, muscle strength, and fall reduction, according to growing evidence. The Lee Silverman Voice Treatment BIG (LSVT BIG) therapy is a Parkinson's disease rehabilitation approach. LSVT BIG therapy enables people with Parkinson's disease to utilize their bodies more normally. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to see how much knowledge physiotherapists in Saudi Arabia have about LSVT BIG therapy. Method. A cross-sectional study utilizing a survey to assess the knowledge of physical therapists in Saudi Arabia. It was disseminated via WhatsApp to one thousand physical therapists. The main outcomes were the extent of awareness regarding the LSVT Big method for individuals with Parkinson's disease. Data analysis. Statistical Package for Social Studies was used to analyze the data. The Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used for categorical variables. Results. In the current study, 263 male and female physical therapists completed the survey, males represented 63.9% of the participants, and 62% were in the age group of 24 to 30 years. The majority (84.8%) were Saudi. Only 12.5% of the physical therapists in this study were aware of the LSVT-Big therapy, and only 30.3% have ever attended the course or received a certificate. Conclusion. In Saudi Arabia, physical therapists had limited awareness and knowledge about the LSVT BIG therapy. Additional effort is required to train physical therapists about the benefits of the LSVT BIG therapy and how to use it with Parkinson's patients.
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Parkinson's disease
  topic: keywords
subject: exercise
  topic: keywords
subject: physiotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Lee Silverman Voice Treatment BIG (LSVT BIG)
  topic: keywords
subject: balance training in geriatric
  topic: keywords
creator: Ismail Abdullah Khadrawi
creator: Abdulaziz Alotaibi
creator: Ahmed Khalil
creator: Abdulrahman Miyajan
creator: Naif Khan
creator: Amir El Fiky
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 458
ending page: 470
doi: 10.62464/6nzshs38

Role of Physical Therapy in Postural Management to Prevent Hip Dislocation in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
type: item
description: Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder characterized by motor impairments stemming from non-progressive brain anomalies. A primary concern in children with spastic CP is hip migration, which can progress to subluxation or dislocation, particularly in non-ambulatory patients. Objective: This narrative review explores the efficacy of physical therapy approaches within postural management programs in preventing hip dislocation in children with spastic CP. Methods: Literature published between 1990 and 2022 is reviewed across databases—namely, PubMed, EDLINE, CINAHL, AMED and Google Scholar. Results: The review highlights diverse interventions, including passive stretching, weight-bearing exercises, standing devices, orthotic aids and the Vojta method, that underestimate the importance of early, individualized and multidisciplinary management in children with spastic CP. While some conservative strategies show promising outcomes, the evidence remains limited and of variable quality. Moreover, the studies have been heterogeneous in design, outcome measures and intervention protocols. Overall, the review indicates the need for tailored programs early in life, especially for children whose motor function is classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV and V, emphasizing the essential role of physiotherapists in preventive care. Conclusion: Early, tailored physiotherapy and postural management programs play a critical role in mitigating hip displacement in children with spastic CP. Strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration and standardizing intervention protocols are essential to both improving clinical outcomes and advancing the evidence base for conservative management strategies.
subject: Systematic Review
  topic: section
subject: Cerebral palsy; Hip dislocation; Postural management; Physical therapy; Gross Motor Function Classification System.
  topic: keywords
creator: Shar Abdullah Alamri
creator: Najaw Abdulrazaq Khan
creator: Ibrahim Abdulrahman Alhumaidan
creator: Wafa Faleh Almarri
creator: Norah Mishal Alotaibi
creator: Sarah Marzouk Alkhaldi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 485
ending page: 497
doi: 10.62464/ce32tw86

Efficacy of Harness-Supported Treadmill Training Without Body-Weight Unloading on Balance and Mobility After Stroke
type: item
description: Background: Gait impairment is one of the most debilitating consequences of stroke, often restricting mobility, independence, and community reintegration. Treadmill-based gait training enhances neuroplasticity through repetitive, task-specific practice. However, body-weight-support systems are costly and not always available in routine rehabilitation. This study investigated the efficacy of harness-supported treadmill gait training without body-weight unloading compared with conventional overground therapy in individuals with post-stroke hemiplegia. Methods: Thirty adults (aged 40–60 years) with first-ever unilateral middle cerebral artery stroke and mild-to-moderate hemiparesis (Orpington Prognostic Score < 5.2) were randomly allocated to two groups: (1) conventional Bobath-based overground gait training, or (2) treadmill gait training with overhead harness support (no unloading). Both interventions were administered for 20 minutes, three times per week, over six weeks. The Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (STREAM), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) served as primary outcome measures. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were calculated. Results: Both groups showed significant within-group improvements (p < .01), but the treadmill group demonstrated superior gains in motor recovery and balance: STREAM (+6.20 ± 2.18 vs. +3.73 ± 2.16; p = .005; d = 1.17), BBS (+8.00 ± 4.19 vs. +4.20 ± 2.81; p = .025; d = 0.98), and gait velocity (+0.126 ± 0.035 m/s vs. +0.097 ± 0.025 m/s; p = .025; d = 0.90). All participants completed the program without adverse events, confirming excellent safety and adherence. <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black…
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Stroke rehabilitation; Treadmill gait training; Neuroplasticity; Balance recovery; Harness support; Central pattern generators; Motor relearning; Task-specific training
  topic: keywords
creator: Prashant Kashyap
creator: Shahid Raza
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 442
ending page: 450
doi: 10.62464/9mqmb618

Functional Outcomes After Bilateral Versus Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Saudi Arabia
type: item
description: Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that often leads to pain, stiffness, and functional disability. Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) remains the most effective surgical treatment for end-stage OA. This study aimed to compare the clinical and functional outcomes of patients undergoing unilateral and bilateral TKA in a tertiary rehabilitation setting in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 265 patients (≥35 years; both sexes) who underwent primary TKA at Sultan Bin Abdualziz Humanitartian City (SBAHC) Between 2016 and 2020. Clinical and functional data—including pain intensity (Visual Analog Scale), range of motion (goniometric assessment), muscle strength (Manual Muscle Testing), and functional independence (Functional Independence Measure, FIM)—were extracted from medical records at three time points: preoperatively, before discharge, and 3–6 months post-discharge. Results: The mean age of the patients was 67.1 ± 8.0 years, with females comprising 66.8%. Postoperatively, there was a significant reduction in pain scores (p < 0.001) and improvement in knee flexion and extension (p < 0.001). Muscle strength and FIM scores improved significantly across all patients, irrespective of age, gender, or postoperative complications. The percentage improvement in total FIM was greater in unilateral TKA patients (63.9%) compared with bilateral TKA patients (48.7%). Conclusions: Both unilateral and bilateral TKA patients demonstrated significant improvements in pain, joint mobility, muscle strength, and functional independence following a high-intensity rehabilitation program, with greater functional gains observed among unilateral TKA patients.
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Total Knee arthroplasty, Rehabilitation, Functional outcomes, Range of motion.
  topic: keywords
creator: Fouad EL JAMMAL
creator: Orfan Arafah
creator: Imran Ilyas
creator: Hussam Abuzaid Khairi
creator: Ashraf Khaled
creator: Abdulrhman Al Sharif
creator: Mohammed Elkarim
creator: Dhekra Alnaqeb
creator: Bayan AlMutairi
creator: Tahani Madani
creator: Leena M. Alqahtani
creator: Renad Almesned
creator: Wadha Alsebeai
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 425
ending page: 441
doi: 10.62464/nr62es22

Misdiagnosis of Greater Trochanteric Fracture in a Young Adult: A Case Report
type: item
description: Background: Misdiagnosis remains a major clinical challenge, even when patients are initially assessed by multiple healthcare providers. Musculoskeletal injuries, particularly hip trauma, require rigorous screening, careful differential diagnosis, and the use of appropriate imaging. Case Presentation: A 26-year-old Bahraini male developed acute left hip pain following a fall from a horse. Initial emergency department evaluation, including plain radiographs, did not reveal a fracture, and he was treated conservatively with analgesics and NSAIDs. Despite repeated consultations, his pain persisted, and he was referred to physiotherapy with a provisional diagnosis of “hip pain.” During physiotherapy assessment, several red flags were identified, including a traumatic mechanism of injury, persistent pain, limping gait, and lack of improvement with prior management. Further imaging confirmed a fracture of the greater trochanter fracture. Discussion: Greater trochanteric fractures are rare and frequently overlooked on plain radiographs. MRI is considered the gold standard for detecting occult hip fractures. Early recognition is essential, as inappropriate treatment—such as physiotherapy under a misdiagnosed label—may result in fracture displacement, prolonged disability, or surgical intervention. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of independent diagnostic evaluation, even when patients arrive with prior referrals. Comprehensive screening and timely imaging (if needed) are critical to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure optimal patient outcomes.
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: differential diagnosis
  topic: keywords
subject: orthopedic
  topic: keywords
subject: fractures
  topic: keywords
subject: greater trochanter
  topic: keywords
subject: Misdiagnosis
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohamed Merza Khalil AlRayes
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 451
ending page: 457
doi: 10.62464/mxnhjq62

The Impact of 3D-Printed Technology on Functional Performance in an Individual with C2 Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Report
type: item
description: This case report describes the use of a 3D-printed wheelchair joystick to improve functional performance in an individual with incomplete traumatic spinal cord injury at C2. A 29-year-old man presented with complete tetraplegia and no residual upper extremity function following a traffic accident, rendering him unable to operate manual or electric wheelchairs. To address this limitation, a joystick adapted for residual shoulder movements was developed using fused deposition modeling with polylactic acid material. After training, the patient achieved proficiency in maneuvering the wheelchair, as assessed with the Functional Independence Measure, enabling safe navigation and increased engagement in daily activities. This case illustrates how 3D-printed assistive devices can enhance functional autonomy and community participation in individuals with high cervical spinal cord injury.
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Wheelchair joystick
  topic: keywords
subject: C2 spinal cord injury
  topic: keywords
subject: Functional Independence Measure
  topic: keywords
subject: 3D printing
  topic: keywords
subject: FDM
  topic: keywords
creator: Walaa Alammar
creator: Munirah Alnasser
creator: Naif Alraddadi
creator: Rboaa Alsulmi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 414
ending page: 424
doi: 10.62464/hvjpn732

Information Needs and Preferences on Cancer-Related Symptoms Among Children with Cancer and Their Parents: A Systematic Review
type: item
description: Objective<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; font-style: italic;">: <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">This study aimed to explore information needs and preferences of children with cancer and their parents about cancer-related symptoms. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using five databases and citation searches. The quality of eligible studies was assessed with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results: Thirty studies were included (N=256 children and N=1778 parents/guardians). Children’s perspectives on their information needs were under examined and different from their parents. Both children and parents required more information about symptoms and late effects. Associations between participants’ characteristics and their information needs about symptoms and late effects were inconclusive. Parents preferred to receive information from doctors, in verbal and written formats, more than from online sources. Conclusions: Children with cancer and their parents need more tailored information about symptoms and late effects. Further research is required to identify how best to support individualized information needs and…
subject: Systematic Review
  topic: section
subject: Paediatrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Oncology
  topic: keywords
subject: Information needs
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Qualitative methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Mixed methods
  topic: keywords
creator: Qamra Muaikel Alqahtani
creator: Catalina Llanos
creator: Jessica Newham
creator: Paula Bray
creator: Kimberley Docking
creator: Elizabeth Dylke
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 388
ending page: 413
doi: 10.62464/v713eq35

Effect of Supervised Physical Therapy Interventions on Functional Mobility and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors During Post-Treatment Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review
type: item
description: <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; font-weight: bold;">Background: <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Breast cancer survivors frequently experience reduced physical capacity, fatigue, upper-limb dysfunction, and impaired quality of life (QoL) following treatment. Exercise and physiotherapy-based rehabilitation programs are increasingly prescribed, but the magnitude and consistency of their benefits remain under debate. Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of supervised exercise and physiotherapy interventions on functional mobility, muscular strength, fatigue, upper-limb function, and QoL in breast cancer survivors. Methods:A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted up to March 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing supervised exercise or physiotherapy interventions with usual care, waitlist, or non-exercise controls in adult breast cancer survivors were included. Data were extracted on intervention characteristics, participant demographics, outcomes, and adverse events. Risk of bias was assessed using the C…
subject: Invited Review
  topic: section
subject: breast cancer survivors, exercise, physiotherapy, quality of life, fatigue, functional mobility, systematic review.
  topic: keywords
creator: Shadab Uddin
creator: Mohammed M. Alshehri
creator: Vandana Esht
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 368
ending page: 387
doi: 10.62464/3s4xmh03

Platelet-Rich Plasma for Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Critical Review of Therapeutic Evidence and Clinical Utility
type: item
description: Objective: Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy has emerged as a prominent modality in musculoskeletal medicine due to its autologous nature and potential to enhance tissue healing through growth factor release. Although widely adopted, clinical outcomes exhibit variability across studies. Therefore, this review critically evaluates the therapeutic efficacy and methodological quality of PRP applications in musculoskeletal disorders, focusing on tendinopathies, cartilage degeneration, acute muscle injuries, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair. Methods: A structured narrative synthesis was conducted using 11 peer-reviewed studies published between 2014 and 2025. These included randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and retrospective analyses. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR 2 and SANRA tools, with thematic synthesis organized by condition type. Results: PRP demonstrated short-term benefits in pain reduction and functional improvement, particularly in tendinopathies and mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis. Leukocyte-poor PRP (LP-PRP) and PBMNC-enriched formulations showed superior outcomes. However, evidence for cartilage regeneration, ACL repair, and acute muscle injuries remains inconclusive due to protocol variability and moderate risk of bias. Conclusion: PRP therapy offers selective clinical utility in musculoskeletal care, especially for chronic tendinopathies and early-stage osteoarthritis. Standardization of PRP protocols, long-term outcome studies, and identification of patient-specific predictors are essential to optimize its therapeutic role.
subject: Systematic Review
  topic: section
subject: Sport injuries
  topic: keywords
subject: sport rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Platelet-Rich Plasma
  topic: keywords
subject: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)
  topic: keywords
subject: Tendinopathy
  topic: keywords
subject: Osteoarthritis Knee
  topic: keywords
subject: Anterior Cruciate Ligament
  topic: keywords
subject: , Muscle Injuries
  topic: keywords
subject: Regenerative Medicine
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohamed Merza Khalil AlRayes
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
starting page: 346
ending page: 352
doi: 10.62464/ijoprp.v4i8.121

A Review of Falls Among Older Adults in Saudi Arabia: Risk Factors, Outcomes, and Prevention Strategies
type: item
description: Falls among older adults in Saudi Arabia pose a significant and growing public health concern, with studies reporting prevalence rates exceeding 47%. These events contribute to physical injuries and psychological distress, longer hospital stays, and rising healthcare costs. This narrative review synthesizes recent findings on the prevalence, underlying risk factors, outcomes, and strategies aimed at preventing falls in this population. Key contributors to fall risk in Saudi Arabia were found to include both intrinsic factors, such as chronic health conditions, limited mobility, obesity, vision problems, mental health issues, and polypharmacy, and extrinsic factors like environmental hazards and inadequate safety measures. Despite growing awareness and various preventive efforts, initiatives such as environmental modifications, the use of assistive devices, and closer hospital monitoring, falls remain common across both community and healthcare settings. The literature points to several effective interventions, including personalized risk assessments, home and facility modifications, medication management, structured exercise programs, and better training for caregivers and medical staff. However, a noticeable gap remains between what is known and what is actually implemented. This underscores the urgent need for stronger implementation of fall prevention strategies. Moving forward, a coordinated, multimodal approach tailored to Saudi Arabia’s healthcare system is essential to reduce fall-related incidents and improve the well-being of older adults.
subject: Systematic Review
  topic: section
subject: Falls
  topic: keywords
subject: older adults
  topic: keywords
subject: Falls risk factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Falls strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Saudi Arabia
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammed M. Althomali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
starting page: 353
ending page: 367
doi: 10.62464/ijoprp.v4i8.123

Association between chronic neck pain, disability, and Physical Activity among Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: BACKGROUND: Chronic neck pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition among healthcare workers, often contributing to absenteeism, reduced productivity, and career dissatisfaction. Despite their vulnerability due to high occupational demands, the relationship between neck pain, disability, and lifestyle factors such as physical activity remains insufficiently explored in this group. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association between chronic neck pain, disability, and physical activity levels among healthcare workers. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare workers at Prince Sultan Military Medical City. Participants completed a structured questionnaire that included demographic and health data, the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for pain intensity, the Neck Disability Index (NDI) for disability, the extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analyses were performed. RESULTS: Thirty healthcare workers (83% female) from multiple professions participated. The mean chronic neck pain score was 5.10 (SD = 1.81), and the mean NDI score was 20.25 (SD = 9.73). A high physical activity level was reported by 70% of participants. Significant correlations were observed: a moderate positive correlation between neck pain and disability (r = 0.64, p < 0.01) and a fair positive correlation between neck pain and physical activity (r = 0.45, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic neck pain appears prevalent among healthcare workers and is moderately associated with disability. Interestingly, higher pain levels were also correlated with higher physical activity, warranting further investigation. Given the small sample size, findings should be interpreted cautiously. Larger, longitudinal studies are recommended to understand risk factors better and to guide preventive and occupational health strategies.
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: chronic neck pain, healthcare workers, Neck Disability Index (NDI), physical activity, occupational health
  topic: keywords
creator: Hana Alsobayel
creator: Amerah Alharthi
creator: Ali Albarrati
creator: Asma Saad Alrushud
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
starting page: 335
ending page: 345
doi: 10.62464/ijoprp.v4i8.126

Optimizing Osteoarthritis Care: A Review of Multimodal Physical Therapy on Long Term Patient’s Outcome
type: item
description: Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent, chronic musculoskeletal condition and a leading cause of pain, functional limitation, and reduced quality of life, especially among older adults. Traditional physical therapy (PT) for OA typically emphasizes exercise routines and symptom relief strategies. However, growing attention is being directed toward multimodal physical therapy (MPT)—an integrative approach that combines manual therapy, structured exercise, and patient education. This comprehensive model seeks to address not only the physical impairments associated with OA but also the behavioural and educational components that influence long-term disease management. Method: A systematic review was conducted using the Semantic Scholar database. Studies were included if they involved adult populations with OA, used MPT interventions, had a comparator group receiving standard PT or usual care, included a follow-up of at least six months, and reported outcomes related to pain, function, or quality of life. Ten eligible studies were identified, including randomized controlled trials and one systematic review. Result: Of the ten studies, five reported that MPT led to significant short-term improvements in pain and function compared to standard care. However, long-term findings were mixed. Only three studies showed sustained benefits beyond 12 months, while four reported no significant differences between MPT and standard PT over time. Manual therapy was found to be particularly effective in the short term but showed inconsistent long-term value across studies. Conclusion: MPT appears to offer superior short-term outcomes in OA management compared to standard PT. Nonetheless, its long-term benefits remain inconclusive. More high-quality, long-term studies with adherence tracking and patient subgroup analysis are needed to fully assess the sustained value of MPT and to determine which individuals are most likely to benefit from this multimodal approach.
subject: Invited Review
  topic: section
subject: Osteo Artheritis
  topic: keywords
subject: Sytematic Review
  topic: keywords
subject: Multimodal Physical Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Long Term Outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Therapy Care
  topic: keywords
creator: Sohrab Ahmad Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-07-31
publication date: 2025-07-31
starting page: 304
ending page: 312
doi: 10.62464/ijoprp.v4i7.122

Evaluating the Feasibility and Acceptability of Nintendo Switch-Based Exergaming for Enhancing Physical Activity in Children with Down Syndrome: A Pilot Study
type: item
description: Objective: Nintendo Switch-based exergaming is increasingly used in therapeutic settings. This study aimed to determine whether selected Nintendo Switch games are feasible and engaging for children with Down syndrome (DS). Methods: This interventional pilot study included a convenience sample of 11 children diagnosed with DS. it involved a 40-minute exergaming session using a Nintendo Switch console with ten games (two sports and eight Family Trainer) that required weight shifting and stepping tasks based on previous studies. After the session, the validated Video Game Applicability Questionnaire was used to evaluate usability, engagement, and enjoyment of the selected games using a five-point visual Likert scale. Results: Data from 11 children (7 females), aged 10.45 ± 1.75 years, were analyzed. Games such as Timber Trail (M = 4.96, SD = .07), Log Leaper (M = 4.94, SD = .12), Jump Rope (M = 4.92, SD = .12), Sprint Challenge (M = 4.90, SD = .18), and Head on Hurdler (M = 4.90, SD = .18) received consistently high ratings for usability, engagement, and enjoyment, while others such as Mine Cart Adventure (M = 1.16, SD = .40), Mountain Boarder (M = 1.32, SD = .28), Mole Madness (M = 1.77, SD = .97), Golf (M = 1.77, SD = .76), and Soccer (M = 2.19, SD = .44) were rated lower scores across all domains. Conclusion: Several games showed potential for therapeutic exergaming in children with DS, emphasizing the need for further research and long-term trials.
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Exergaming
  topic: keywords
subject: Down syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Applicability
  topic: keywords
subject: Video game
  topic: keywords
subject: Motor Function
  topic: keywords
creator: Afaf A. M. Shaheen
creator: Safia Darweesh Halwsh
creator: Samiah Alqabbani
creator: Maha F. Algabbani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-07-31
publication date: 2025-07-31
starting page: 313
ending page: 320
doi: 10.62464/ijoprp.v4i7.120

Association Between Patient Lifting Systems and Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Background: This cross-sectional study investigated the association between the use of patient lifting systems and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among nurses in Saudi Arabia. It also examined the influence of lifting frequency, ergonomic knowledge, and sociodemographic factors. Methods: An electronic survey was distributed to 51 nurses between January and June 2023. The survey collected data on sociodemographic, patient lifting system usage frequency, and MSDs using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Chi-square tests assessed associations, and logistic regression identified significant MSD risk factors. Results: Among the 51 nurses (mean age = 35.64 years), 35.3% used lifting systems sometimes, 37.3% rarely, and 15.7% never. A total of 25.5% reported insufficient ergonomic training. Frequent use of hoists was significantly associated with lower MSD prevalence (p < 0.001). Logistic regression showed that younger age (OR = 1.628, p = 0.020) and female gender were predictors of higher MSD risk. Lower back pain was the most reported issue (63%), but its severity was lower among nurses who regularly used lifting devices. Conclusion: Frequent use of patient lifting systems was associated with a lower prevalence and severity of MSDs, particularly lower back pain. However, inconsistent use and inadequate ergonomic training may limit their protective benefits. Healthcare facilities should prioritize training and encourage routine use of lifting systems to mitigate MSD risk among nursing staff.
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Nurses
  topic: keywords
subject: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)
  topic: keywords
subject: Patient Lifting Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Manual Handling
  topic: keywords
subject: Saudi Arabia
  topic: keywords
subject: Pain
  topic: keywords
creator: Ebtihal E. Tamboosi
creator: Mohammad E. Tamboosi
creator: Sara E. Tamboosi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-07-31
publication date: 2025-07-31
starting page: 321
ending page: 334
doi: 10.62464/ijoprp.v4i7.110

The Relationship Between Perceived Stress Levels and Low Back Pain in Physical Therapy Students at Jazan University
type: item
description: Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent musculoskeletal issue among university students, particularly those in physically demanding programs such as physical therapy. Psychological stress, a common experience among students, has been identified as a potential risk factor for musculoskeletal pain. However, the association between perceived psychological stress and LBP in physical therapy students remains underexplored. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between perceived stress levels and low back pain in physical therapy students at Jazan University. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among physical therapy students at Jazan University between October and November 2024. Participants aged 18–30 years were surveyed using a structured questionnaire, which included the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) to assess psychological stress and a standard LBP screening questionnaire. Sociodemographic variables and health-related behaviors were also collected. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Out of 170 participants, 88% reported experiencing LBP. The majority of students (47.06%) exhibited moderate stress levels, and 28.24 % reported high stress levels. A statistically significant association was found between higher perceived stress levels and the presence of LBP (p < 0.05). Female students reported a higher prevalence of both stress and LBP compared to male students. Conclusion: This study highlights a significant relationship between psychological stress and low back pain among physical therapy students. These findings underscore the importance of implementing stress management and ergonomic education programs within academic settings to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Stress
  topic: keywords
subject: LBP
  topic: keywords
subject: Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Lifestyle
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed Ghazwani
creator: Salma Naseeb
creator: Haninah Ali Hazzazi
creator: Afrah Mousa Hamize
creator: Ghadi Khalid Aldeghither
creator: Bhuvanesh B Ganesan
creator: Bharath K Mallela
creator: Mohammad Abu Shaphe
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 248
ending page: 255
doi: 10.62464/ijoprp.v4i5.100

Association Between Hip Strength and Dynamic Balance in Stroke Survivors with Coexisting Knee Osteoarthritis
type: item
description: Background: Stroke patients often experience impaired balance and mobility, which may be exacerbated by comorbid knee osteoarthritis (OA). Hip muscle weakness is a key contributor to reduced dynamic stability in these populations. Objective: To examine the association between hip muscle strength and dynamic balance in stroke survivors with and without knee OA. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 37 post-stroke participants (20 without OA, 17 with OA). Hip flexion and extension strength were assessed using manual muscle testing (MMT). Balance was evaluated via One-Leg Stance (OLS), Center of Pressure (COP) range and sway, and the Functional Reach Test (FRT). Results: Stroke patients with OA demonstrated significantly lower hip strength and impaired balance performance compared to those without OA. Hip flexor and extensor strength on the affected side showed moderate correlations with OLS (r = 0.52), COP sway (r = 0.49), and FRT (r = 0.45). The OA group had reduced OLS time (p < 0.05) and a smaller COP range. Conclusion: Hip muscle weakness is significantly associated with compromised dynamic balance in stroke patients with knee OA, underscoring the importance of hip-focused rehabilitation strategies in this population.
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Physical Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Musculoskelatel
  topic: keywords
subject: Orthopedic
  topic: keywords
creator: Debjani Mukherjee
creator: Fuzail Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 256
ending page: 263
doi: 10.62464/ijoprp.v4i5.108

Effectiveness of a Smartphone Application to Improve Home Exercise Adherence in Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis in Saudi Arabia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
type: item
description: Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent condition globally, with poor adherence to home exercise programs (HEPs) posing a major barrier to effective management. This study examined the impact of a smartphone-based HEP with motivational text messaging on adherence, pain, and physical function among adults with knee OA in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 42 participants diagnosed with knee OA, recruited from a clinic at King Fahad Medical City (KFMC). Participants were randomized into two groups: the intervention group (n = 21) received a HEP delivered via WhatsApp with motivational text messages, while the control group (n = 21) received a paper-based HEP. Outcomes included self-reported adherence, pain (measured by visual analogue scale), and physical function (assessed using the Arabic version of the WOMAC physical function subscale). Assessments were conducted at baseline and at 6 weeks by a physical therapist with six years of experience. Results: At 6 weeks, the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater adherence (p = 0.001), lower pain scores (p = 0.017), and improved physical function (p = 0.001) compared to the control group. Conclusion: Delivering a HEP via a smartphone application with motivational text messaging may significantly improve adherence, reduce pain, and enhance physical function in adults with knee OA. Keywords Knee Osteoarthritis, Tele Rehabilitation, Exercise Therapy, Smartphone, Mobile Applications, Treatment Adherence and Compliance.
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: knee osteoarthritis
  topic: keywords
subject: telerehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: exercise therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: smartphone
  topic: keywords
subject: mobile applications
  topic: keywords
subject: treatment adherence
  topic: keywords
subject: compliance
  topic: keywords
creator: Lujain Aldahash
creator: Hana Alsobayel
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 237
ending page: 247
doi: 10.62464/ijoprp.v4i5.109

Comparing Outcomes of Surgical and Nonsurgical Management for Achilles Tendon Ruptures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
type: item
description: Background: Achilles tendon rupture is a common injury, and the optimal management approach—surgical or conservative—remains debated. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aim to compare surgical and conservative management strategies, considering efficacy and safety, by assessing the functional outcomes, rate of complications, and rate of re-rupture. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple electronic databases to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing surgical and conservative management of Achilles tendon rupture. The main key outcomes included Achilles Tendon Score (ATRS), Complications incidence, including the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). For meta-analysis, effect sizes, confidence intervals, and heterogeneity were calculated depending on a random-effects model. Results: The results of the current review showed a substantial advantage of surgical management showed a significant advantage in ATRS scores (pooled estimate: 2.241; 95% CI: 1.004–3.478; p < 0.001). Regarding safety, no significant difference was found in DVT incidence (pooled estimate: 0.460; 95% CI: 0.163–1.302; p = 0.144; I² = 0%); the surgical group showed a non-significant increase in infection rates (pooled estimate: 2.217; 95% CI: 0.763–6.446; p = 0.144; I² = 0%) and conservative management had a significantly higher rate of re-rupture (pooled estimate: 0.182; 95% CI: 0.085–0.391; p < 0.001; I² = 0%). Conclusion: Surgical management is associated with a lower risk of re-rupture, while both approaches yield comparable long-term functional outcomes.
subject: Systematic Review
  topic: section
subject: Achilles tendon rupture
  topic: keywords
subject: Surgical management
  topic: keywords
subject: Conservative treatment
  topic: keywords
subject: meta-analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinical outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: Complications
  topic: keywords
creator: Adel Alghamdi
creator: Faisal Alzahrani
creator: Amer Alghamdi
creator: Khader Alghamdi
creator: Alaa Alzahrani
creator: Mubarak Alsharari
creator: Hussain Alghamdi
creator: Abduljawad Alghamdi
creator: Mohamed Alghamdi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 264
ending page: 280
doi: 10.62464/ijoprp.v4i6.116

https://inkwellinfinite.com/index.php/ijprp/article/view/111
type: item
title: Association of COVID-19 Knowledge, Adherence to Precautionary Measures, Human Behavior, and Positive Mental Health in the Saudi General Public: Considerations for Innovative Tailored Rehabilitation Approaches
description: Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19) pandemic has wreaked havoc worldwide and affected the mental health of many people by prompting fears of falling sick, dying, helplessness, and stigma. Therefore, timely recognition of mental health issues is needed. This study aimed to assess the relationships of knowledge, adherence to precautionary measures, human behavior, and positive mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic on the general Saudi population. Methods: An online survey using snowballing sampling was conducted to collect data on respondents’ socio-demographics, COVID-19 knowledge, adherence to precautions, human behavior, and positive state of mental health during the pandemic. Path analysis was used to measure effects among these factors. Results: Survey responses revealed that fatigue significantly affected performance, with 47% of participants strongly agreeing that fatigue impacted their cognitive and motor functions. Significant positive correlations were found between the EXP GPD Score and Control GPD Score (0.8031), and between EXP GPD Errors and Control GPD Errors (0.8595). The regression analysis indicated that for every unit increase in the Fatigue Borg Scale, the EXP GPD Score (time) increased by approximately 0.8036 units. Paired samples t-tests confirmed significant differences in performance and perceived fatigue between control and post-fatigue groups. Conclusion: In the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia, knowledge about the disease, and human behavior affected positive mental ‎health. The findings found that positive mental health could be enhanced with clear communication and dissemination of knowledge, and having appropriate human behavior in the early stages of an outbreak. Further research is warranted to explore the effect of adhering to precautionary measures on having positive mental health in future pandemics.
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19; human behavior; mental health; precautionary measure; telerehabilitation, exergaming, Saudi Arabia
  topic: keywords
creator: Alia M Almoajel
creator: Saad Alhammad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 292
ending page: 303
doi: 10.62464/ijoprp.v4i6.111

Awareness and Knowledge of Role of Physiotherapy in The Management of Knee Osteoarthritis Among Al-Baha Populations
type: item
description: Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease-causing significant morbidity and functional limitations globally. Physiotherapy plays a key role in managing knee OA, offering non-invasive approaches to reduce symptoms and improve joint function. This study aimed to assess awareness, knowledge, and perceived barriers to physiotherapy use for knee OA among adults in the Al-Baha region of Saudi Arabia—an underrepresented area in musculoskeletal health research with limited data on physiotherapy utilization. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 781 participants in Al-Baha using a structured, self-administered Arabic-language online questionnaire. The survey collected demographic data, awareness and knowledge of knee OA and physiotherapy, and identified barriers and motivators to physiotherapy utilization. The instrument was pilot-tested before deployment. Participants were selected through convenience sampling. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University. Data were analyzed using SPSS; descriptive and inferential statistics were used, with associations tested at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Among participants, 96.5% were familiar with knee OA. Joint pain (84.0%) was the most recognized symptom; advanced age (78.7%) and low physical activity (65.0%) were commonly identified causes. Physiotherapy was acknowledged as a treatment by 83.1%, with exercise therapy being the most recognized (67.0%). However, 51.7% believed exercise could worsen pain. Barriers included a lack of awareness (66.9%) and limited facility access (54.6%). Chi-square analysis revealed significant associations between physiotherapy knowledge and age (p < 0.001) and occupation (p = 0.002), but not with gender, education, or nationality. Conclusion: This study highlights high general awareness of knee OA and physiotherapy but reveals substantial knowledge gaps and barriers to …
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Knee osteoarthritis, Physiotherapy, Awareness, barriers, Saudi Arabia.
  topic: keywords
creator: Nada Alghamdi
creator: Hatoon Alzahrani
creator: Tariq Alghamdi
creator: Saeed Alghamdi
creator: Abdulaziz Alomari
creator: Ahmed Alzahrani
creator: Abdulaziz Alzahrani
creator: Hasan AlAidarous
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Physical Therapy Research & Practice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 281
ending page: 291
doi: 10.62464/ijoprp.v4i6.107